High speed sleever

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for placing sleeves on bottles and other objects is disclosed. In particular, a high speed method and apparatus having a plurality of sleeving stations for placing sleeves on bottles is disclosed. Each sleeving station includes a circularly arranged set of relatively movable parallel pins which are operable to contract or expand. A label transporter deposits a sleeve on the pins when they are contracted. The pins expand to stretch the sleeve. A bottle and the pins are then moved relative to one another to place the bottle inside the stretched sleeve. A gas flow is provided between the bottle and the sleeve to reduce friction. The sleeved bottle is then stripped from the pins. The method occurs without starts and stops by the bottle or the sleeve and is thus capable of very high production rates.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to apparatuses and methods for applying sleeves to objects, and more particularly, for placing plastic sleeves on objects in a continuous cycle at very high speeds.

2. Reference to Patents and Applications

"Control Marking Detector," U.S. Pat. No. 4,392,056.

"Labeling Apparatus," U.S. Pat. No. 4,412,876.

"Non-Migrating Control Indicia for a Plastic Web or Sheet Article," U.S. Pat. No. 4,467,207.

"Automated Manufacturing Monitoring," U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,592.

"Labeling Apparatus," U.S. Pat. No. 4,620,888.

"Continuous Web Registration," U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,205.

"Process for Performing Work on a Continuous Web," U.S. Pat. No. 4,926,048.

"Continuous Web Registration," U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,252.

"Labeling Apparatus," U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,825.

"Method and Apparatus for Registering Bottles," application Ser. No. 07/708,509.

3. Background Information

The labeling of product containers such as bottles, can be done by various methods. Early methods involved either printing information directly onto the container or alternatively printing the information on a label which was then adhesively bonded to the container. Machines which wrap an adhesive label around a bottle have been developed which have production rates in excess of 300 bottles per minute.

Recently, it has become popular to label bottles with tubular, flexible, plastic sleeves without adhesives. In particular, non-adhesive sleeves have become popular for labeling plastic "two liter" bottles commonly used for soft drinks.

When an adhesive label is used on a plastic bottle, the portion of the bottle contacting the adhesive is not economically recoverable with conventional recycling processes. When non-adhesive sleeves are used, the sleeve and all or most of the bottle is recoverable because the sleeve is easily separated from the bottle. Some governments have passed, and it is expected that others will pass, laws mandating fully recoverable bottles.

Apparatuses and methods for automatically placing tubular non-adhesive sleeves on empty containers have been developed. More recently, apparatuses and methods for applying sleeves to filled bottles have been developed by the present assignee with considerable success. These are disclosed in the assignee's referenced patents for "Labeling Apparatus" and in the assignee's co-pending application for "Method and Apparatus for Registering Bottles."

Labeling filled bottles presents special problems for labeling machines due to the added mass of the fluid contents and the effect of the fluid contents moving within the bottle. Further provision must be made for the possibility that a labeling machine malfunction may cause a filled bottle to be crushed resulting in the contents being released.

In the labeling industry, there is a great demand for non-adhesive labeling machines which have high production rates and which can label either filled or empty bottles. Heretofore, the present assignee has been able to achieve sleeving rates of approximately 90 bottles per minute with the apparatuses of the referenced patents. This rate is sufficient for many applications, however, it is less than what can be achieved with adhesive, wrap-around label machines.

With sleeving apparatuses of the referenced patents and in most prior art machines and processes, the bottles are stopped before the sleeve is applied and accelerated afterwards. Starting and stopping the bottles greatly limits the production rate of a machine. Therefore, there has been a great need for a machine which can apply non-adhesive sleeves to bottles, whether full or empty, while the bottles are moving at high speeds. In addition, there is a demand for machines which take up less space, are able to accommodate varying bottle shapes and sizes, are able to position sleeves on objects with a high degree of accuracy, and have a low frequency of product damage.

In prior art sleeving machines such as the assignee's Labeling Apparatus disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,620,888, the thickness of the sleeves is very critical. The thickness of the sleeve is generally a function of the frictional forces between the sleeve and the bottle. These frictional forces vary widely depending on the characteristics of the sleeve and the bottle.

The effort to pull the sleeve over the bottles is resisted by the frictional forces between the sleeve and bottle. Sleeves for bottles are initially smaller in diameter than the bottle being sleeved. Thus, each sleeve is stretched as it is pulled over each bottle. Other factors can exacerbate the frictional resistance to pulling a sleeve over a bottle. For example, some types of plastic used for bottles such as polyethylene have a low friction surface, but others such as PET material have a very high friction surface. Some labels have printing on their inside surfaces. Such printing increases the friction between the sleeve and the bottle. Thicker sleeves are more difficult to pull down over a bottle because they resist stretching and thus increase sleeve-bottle friction. Some bottles have shoulders over which a sleeve must be stretched. Additives may be added to the sleeve material to make them more stretchable, however, this adds to the cost of the sleeves.

In general, it is desirable to use thinner sleeves. Thinner sleeves contain less material and are thus less costly. However, in some applications, it is desirable to use a thicker sleeve. For example, some bottles rely on a heavy sleeve for added hoop strength. Thus, in prior art machines, for a given bottle type and sleeve requirement, the sleeve thickness and sleeve material ingredients are painstakingly selected. There is a need for a sleeving machine which permits greater flexibility in matching sleeve thicknesses and sleeve types to particular applications.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention overcomes the above-noted and other problems by providing a method and apparatus for placing film sleeves on objects at very high speeds. The machine made in accordance with the present invention includes a set of sleeve holders each having a set of pins arranged about a center axis. The pins are pivotally mounted to move toward and away from the center axis. Each sleeve holder is adapted to stretch a sleeve for placement around an object.

A sleeve transporter is provided for placing film sleeves about the pins. A duct system provides a lubricating gas film between an object and a sleeve as the sleeve is positioned around the object.

A set of elevator devices are provided, each for moving an associated one of the sleeve holders and an object being sleeved relative to one another to locate the object inside the sleeve. Each elevator is operable to separate a sleeved object from the pins.

In the preferred and illustrated form of the invention, a plurality of sleeve holders are circularly arranged around a carousel. Aligned with each sleeve holder is a pedestal for supporting an object. As the carousel rotates about its axis, the elevator device moves the pedestals, and the objects supported thereon, relative to the sleeve holders in accordance with a predetermined cycle.

The preferred form of the machine further includes a gripper device for gripping a sleeved bottle for a portion of the sleeving cycle. The gripper device holds a sleeve in place on the object as the object is moved with respect to the pins to assure proper sleeve placement.

The sleeve transporter includes two co-axial wheels mounted for synchronous rotation. Each wheel has a plurality of sleeve-handling tools rotatably mounted thereon. Each sleeve handling tool is aligned with and opposed to a corresponding sleeve handling tool on the other wheel to form a plurality of pairs of opposed sleeve handling tools. The pairs are operable at one rotational position of the wheels to come together to grip and separate a sleeve at a sleeve supply station, and at another rotational position to deposit a sleeve on an aligned set of pins.

The sleeve supply station is provided for supporting a web of sleeves joined end to end along lines of weakness. A sleeve feeding device is provided for feeding the length of sleeves through the supply station. The supply station includes a guide device for forming folds in the walls of each sleeve as it passes through the station. The folds create a tendency in the sleeves to spring open when free of the guide device which facilitates placement of the sleeves on the sets of pins.

The method of placing a sleeve on an object includes the steps of: putting the film sleeve on the pins; stretching the film sleeve by moving the pins; positioning the object inside the sleeve while simultaneously flowing air between the sleeve and the object; stopping the air flow; and separating the now sleeved object from the pins. When these steps are performed on multiple, rapidly moving sets of pins and multiple rapidly moving objects, very high throughput is achieved. In addition, the flowing of air between the sleeve and the object reduces friction and permits greater flexibility in the choice of sleeve thickness and in the choice of material ingredients of the sleeve.

Accordingly, the objects of the invention are to provide a novel and improved sleeving machine and a method of sleeving objects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the sleeving machine constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a somewhat schematic front elevation view of the machine;

FIG. 3 is a schematic partial view seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 3--3 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of selected parts of the machine;

FIG. 5 is a front elevation view of selected parts of the machine;

FIG. 6 is a left side elevation view of selected parts of the machine;

FIG. 7 is a front elevation view of a first embodiment of the elevator apparatus;

FIG. 8 is a side elevation view seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 8--8 of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a front elevation view of a second embodiment of the elevator apparatus;

FIG. 10 is a side elevation view seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 10--10 of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a front elevation view of selected parts of the machine;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of one labeling station of the machine;

FIG. 13 is a fragmentary sectional view as seen approximately in the direction of the plane indicated by the line 13--13 of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is an enlargement of the window of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is an enlarged perspective view of the pin and associated pivot arm of the labeling station;

FIG. 16 is a fragmentary cross sectional view of the rotary valve controlling the compressed gas for the labeling stations;

FIG. 17 is a somewhat schematic sectional view seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 17--17 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a side elevation view of the sleeve position mechanism

FIG. 19 is a plan view seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 19--19 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a sectional view seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 20--20 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is a sectional view seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 21--21 of FIG. 18;

FIG. 22 is a plan view of selected parts of the machine;

FIG. 23 is a sectional view of the label transporter carriage as seen approximately from the direction normal to a plane bisecting the transporter;

FIG. 24 is a schematic elevation view of the planetary gear set of the transporter;

FIG. 25 is a side elevation view as seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 25--25 of FIG. 23;

FIG. 26 is a side view of a transporter tool head;

FIG. 27 is a front view as seen approximately from the plane indicated by the line 27--27 of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is a side elevation view of a transporter vacuum tip;

FIG. 29 is a front view as seen approximately in the direction of the plane indicated by the line 29--29 of FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is a side elevation view of the label supply station;

FIG. 31a, b, and c together form a timing diagram illustrating the operation of various parts of the machine with respect to the rotational position of one labeling station.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the high-speed sleeving machine 10 includes a frame 12, a conveyor system 14 for transporting bottles 16, a set of sleeving stations 22 for applying sleeves 20 to the bottles 16, a sleeve supply station 18 for providing a supply of sleeves, and a sleeve transporter 24 for transporting sleeves from the supply station 18 to the sleeving stations 22.

Conveyor System

Referring to FIG. 2, a stream of bottles 16 enter the sleeving machine 10 on a flat belt conveyor 26. A conventional screw shaft 28 having a varying thread pitch engages the bottles 16 on the flat top conveyor 26 and causes them to be spaced from one another along the belt. When tall slender bottles are being sleeved, it is preferable to use two screw shafts (not illustrated) to prevent the bottles from tipping. One screw is positioned to engage the upper portion of the bottle and one positioned to engage the lower portion of the bottle.

Referring to FIGS. 4,5 and 6, near the downstream end of the screw shaft 28 is an input conveyor 30 for transferring bottles from the flat top conveyor 26 to a carousel conveyor 32. The input conveyor is preferably a star-wheel conveyor which is well known in the bottle conveying art. The star-wheel conveyor 30 comprises a plurality of bottle-engaging notches (not shown), each of which engages a single bottle and slides it across a flat surface (not shown) and onto the carousel conveyor 32. The star-wheel conveyor 30 and the carousel 32 are timed such that each bottle is transferred directly to an elevator 36 on the moving carousel. Abutments (not shown) are located at each elevator position on the carousel 32 to stop each bottle's lateral movement as it arrives on the elevator 36. The carousel 32 is essentially a turntable rotatably mounted on an axle 38 with a plurality of sleeving stations 22 and associated elevators 36 circumferentially arranged thereon.

Two embodiments 36a, b of the elevator mechanism are shown; the first 36a in FIGS. 7 and 8 and the second 36b in FIGS. 9 and 10. Each embodiment is for engaging a particular type of commercially available bottles different from the other in their bottom configuration. The elevator 36a of the first embodiment is for engaging a type of bottle which has a flat bottom surface. This type of bottle typically consists of two parts; a first part for containing fluid, and a second part glued to the first part for providing a flat base for the bottle to stand on. The elevator 36b of the second embodiment is for a type of bottle having a contoured bottom consisting of three or more convex feet. This type of bottle is a one-piece construction and is fully recoverable by recycling. Contour-bottomed bottles will not be held upright by the first pedestal embodiment because they lack a flat bottom surface.

Each type of elevator includes a hollow vertical tube 44a, b having a platform 48a, b mounted thereon to form a pedestal 52a, b. The pedestals 52a, b are mounted to slide axially on a pair of guide shafts 56. Each pedestal 52a, b is mounted to a bearing block. The bearing block 58 includes two sets of slider bearings 60 which are adapted to slide freely on the pair of guide shafts 56. At the upper and lower ends of the guide shafts 56 are cross members 62. The cross members 62 are joined to portions of the carousel 32 as seen in FIG. 6. Thus, the guide shafts 56 carry the pedestals 52a and 52b and bearing blocks 58 and are fixed to the carousel 32 to rotate with it.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 10, the bearing blocks 58 are connected to the vertical tubes 44 by ball and detent connections 64, which perform a safety function. If something obstructs the travel of any tube 44, a spring biased ball 66 mounted on the bearing blocks 58 will break out of a detent 68 formed on the tubes and the bearing blocks will be permitted to move freely relative to the tubes. Once the obstruction is removed, the ball 66 is reset in the detent 68 for normal operation. In the preferred embodiment, proximity switches are positioned to detect a pedestal tube 44 which has dropped below its normal position due to the release of a ball and detent connection 64. The proximity switches will cause the machine to shut off.

Each bearing block 58 includes a cam follower wheel 70. Each cam follower wheel 70 rests on the upper surface of an elevator cam 72 (FIG. 6) which resembles a truncated cylinder. The elevator cam 72 is shaped to cause the bearing blocks 58, and thus the pedestals 52, to cyclically rise and fall during the rotation of the carousel 32. The path of a given pedestal 52 is illustrated in FIG. 33a, 33b, and 33c.

Each elevator 36a of the first embodiment, shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, has openings 74a in the upper surface of its platform 48a. The openings 74a communicate with a vacuum source for holding flat-bottomed bottles in place on the moving carousel 32. The vacuum is not necessary when operating at lower speeds. The vacuum prevents the bottles from tipping due to centrifugal force and it assures that the bottles remain in contact with the platform 48 during the downward travel.

A flexible hose 76 is connected to a conventional rotary valve 78 (FIGS. 2 and 11) to communicate a source of vacuum with the interiors of the pedestal tubes 44a and the openings 74a. The vacuum to the hoses 76 is valved such that it is on throughout the majority of the elevator's travel, but is shut off when the elevators are unoccupied and when bottles are being transferred on and off the elevators. See FIGS. 33a, 33b, and 33c diagramming the vacuum to the elevators with respect to carousel rotation.

Referring to FIG. 11, the vacuum to the elevators 36a, b is controlled by the rotary valve 78 which is connected to the carousel axle 38. The rotary valve 78 has a rotating section 82 which has outlets 83 connected to the hoses 76 leading to the elevator mechanisms 36a or 36b. A stationary section 84 of the rotary valve 78 is connected to a vacuum source 85 and has a stationary port 86 which aligns with selected rotating outlets 83 on the rotating section 82 to communicate vacuum with selected elevators 36a or 36b at predetermined rotational positions of the carousel 32.

Each elevator 36b of the second embodiment, shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, provides a cup 88 which has an inner diameter which is slightly larger than that of the contour-bottomed bottles to be carried. The cup 88 seals around the bottom portion of the bottle 16 to hold it in place. The cup 88 moves relative to the platform 48b to permit the bottle to be moved on and off the platform 48b.

Each platform 48b is mounted on a push rod 90 which is coaxial to the tube 44b. The push rod 90 is located inside the tube 44b and slides freely with respect to the tube 44b. The lower end of each push rod 90 has a shock absorbing foot 92 which rests on a stop 94. As the follower wheel 70 moves upwardly from the position illustrated in FIG. 10, the bearing block 58, the tube 44b, and the cup 88 all move as a unit while the platform 48b and the push rod 90 remain resting on the stop 94. The platform 48b is eventually carried upward when a plastic seat 96 mounted near the top of the tube 44b engages a collar 98 fixed on the push rod. By this time, the cup 88 has sealed the bottom portion of a bottle 16. Vacuum is communicated with the interior of the tube 44b via the hose 76. A seal 100 is seated between the push rod 90 and the tube 44b at the lower end of the tube 44b. Ports 102 are formed in the upper end of the tube 44b to communicate vacuum with the interior of the cup 88. Openings 74b are formed in the platform 48b to communicate vacuum to the portion of the cup 88 above the platform 48b.

On their downward travel, the bearing block 58, the tube 44b, and the push rod 90 all move as a unit until the push rod 90 contacts the stop 94. Then, the bearing block 58, tube 44b and cup 88 continue moving downward relative to the platform 48b and push rod 90 until the position shown in FIG. 10 is reached. In the FIG. 10 position, bottles may be removed or deposited on the pedestal 52b without interference with the cup 88.

Referring to FIGS. 2,4 and 5, the bottles 16 are removed from the carousel 32 by an output conveyor 106. The output conveyor 106 preferably consists of a downstream star-wheel conveyor which is similar to the input star-wheel conveyor 30. The downstream star-wheel conveyor 106 engages the bottles on the pedestals 52 and slides them across a flat surface onto the flat top conveyor 26 from which they came. Thus, the sleeving process takes place on a detour from the path of the flat belt conveyor 26.

Sleeving Stations

The set of sleeving stations 22 are located on the carousel 32 in a circular pattern as illustrated in FIG. 4. Each sleeving station 22 is aligned with an associated elevator platform 48 such that bottles 16 may be passed through the centers of the sleeving stations 22 by the elevators 36. The bottles are inserted into a waiting sleeve when they pass upwardly through the stations 22. The sleeving stations 22 are identical, thus, only one will be described. Referring to FIGS. 12-14, each sleeving station 22 comprises a plurality of pin structures 108, a actuator ring 110, three actuator ring support wheels 112, a follower arm 114, and a plenum ring 116. The follower arm 114 includes a roller 118 for engaging an outer circular cam 120 and an inner circular cam 122. The follower arm 114 is spring biased outwardly, or counterclockwise as viewed in FIG. 12, with a spring 124 connected to the carousel 32. The follower arm 114 rotates the ring 110 to cause the pin structures 108 to pivot inward and outward in accordance with a predetermined cycle as illustrated in FIGS. 33.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, each pin structure 108 is pivotally mounted on an upper plate 126 of the carousel 32 such that a linear finger portion 128 of each pin structure 108 is substantially parallel to the finger portions 128 of the other pin structures 108. A proximal end of each finger portion 128 is attached to an associated pivot arm 130. Each pivot arm 130 includes a pivot shaft 132 operable to pivot the pin structure 108 about an axis normal to the plane of the upper plate 126.

Each finger portion 128 is hollow to provide an air passage 134. The air passage 134 of each pin 108 is connected to the hollow plenum ring 116 by a flexible tube 136. The plenum ring 116 is joined to a rotary air valve 138 (FIG. 16) by a conduit 140. When the plenum 116 is pressurized, air streams from an outlet 142 in the distal end of the finger portions 128 to provide the lubricating gas film between the sleeve 20 and the object being sleeved. The outlet 142 is formed to direct gas toward the object being sleeved. The distal end of the finger portion 128 is tapered.

The pivot action of the pivot arms 130 allows a great space-saving advantage. The pivot arms 130 permit a relatively long arc of motion by the pins 108 while taking up a relatively compact space. The production rate of the machine for a given carousel diameter moving at a given speed is determined by the number of sleeving stations 22 arranged about the carousel 32. The compact pin-moving mechanisms of the present apparatus permit a large number of sleeving stations 22 to be placed around a given sized carousel 32 and thus permit a greater production rate.

As shown in FIG. 12, the ring 110 has a plurality of slots 144 formed therein corresponding to the number of pins 108 and pivot arms 130. The ring 110 is supported by the ring support wheels 112. Each wheel 112 has a V-shaped groove 146 formed therein for engaging the actuator ring 110 (FIG. 13). At least one of the actuator ring support wheels 112 is laterally adjustable to facilitate adjustment and removal of the ring 110. A projection 148 on each of the pivot arms 130, as seen in FIG. 15, engages an associated one of the slots 144 cut in the ring 110. The slots 144 are cut in a spiral shape such that rotation of the ring 110 causes inward or outward movement of the pivot arms 130 and corresponding pins 108 depending on the direction of actuator ring rotation. In other words, the projections 148 fit within the slots 144 and are forced to follow the direction of the slots 144 as the ring 110 is rotated.

As viewed in FIG. 12, clockwise rotation of the ring 110 urges the pins 108 inward toward the center axis of the sleeving station 22 to permit the finger portions 128 to receive a sleeve from the transporter 24. Counterclockwise rotation of the ring 110 causes the pins 108 to expand to stretch a sleeve.

Referring to FIG. 4, the followers 114 engage the circular cams 120,122 to rotate the rings 110. The cams are disposed radially outwardly of the carousel 32. The outer cam 120 is constructed of a plurality of sections, any of which may be replaced with a different shaped section to alter the operating characteristics of the actuator rings 110 and the pins 108. For example, it is usually desirable to change the distance the pins are moved to accomodate smaller bottles and smaller sleeves. The outer circular cam 120 is provided to urge the ring follower arm 114 inward at a predetermined time. The spring 124 urges the follower arm 114 to rotate the ring 110 against the tension of a sleeve stretched around the pins 108. If the spring force is insufficient to completely stretch a sleeve, which may occur when using thick sleeves, the inner cam 122 will operate to urge the follower 114 to its outermost extent to positively stretch a sleeve 20.

Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, a rotary valve 150 is provided for distributing compressed air to the sleeving stations 22 at predetermined times. The rotary valve 150 is similar to that described previously with respect to the elevators 36. The rotary valve 150 is mounted on the axle 38 of the carousel 32. The valve 150 includes a stationary section 152 and a rotating section 154. The rotating section 154 includes a plurality of outlets 156 connected to the conduits 140. The stationary section 152 includes a shaped port 158 which communicates with a space 160 which is continuously pressurized by a compressed air pump 161. The shaped port 158 is aligned with selected outlets 156 depending on the rotational position of the carousel 32. Compressed gas is supplied to the plenum rings 116 by the rotary valve 150 during the time that a bottle 16 is entering a stretched sleeve 20 as indicated in FIGS. 33a, b, and c. The gas film lubrication provided by the pins serves to reduce the friction between the sleeve and the bottle. By reducing the effects of friction on the sleeves, a greater degree of flexibility in choosing sleeve characteristics is achieved.

Sleeve Positioning Grippers

Referring to FIGS. 18, 19, 20 and 21, each sleeving station 22 in the preferred embodiment includes a pair of grippers 162 for positively ensuring that the sleeves do not move with respect to the bottle once properly positioned thereon. Each pair of grippers 162 are shaped to fit a bottle 16 and each gripper 162 has a resilient pad 164 on its gripping surface. As shown in FIG. 33, the grippers clamp against bottles and their associated sleeve and move vertically therewith for a portion of the sleeving cycle. The grippers 162 release the bottles before they pass downward through the sleeving stations 22 after being sleeved.

Referring to FIG. 18, each pair of grippers 162 are mounted on two vertical guide bars 166 which slide freely with respect to the carousel 32. Lifter rods 168 are connected to the guide bars 166 by at least one bracket 170. At its lower end, each lifter rod 168 has a shock absorbing foot 172. Each foot 172 is, at times, engaged by a platform 174 of the bearing block 58 (FIGS. 9 and 10). Thus, each lifter rod 168 rises and falls with its associated elevator 36 during a portion of the cycle. The lifter rods 168 do not track the vertical movement of the elevators 36 throughout their cycle. The platforms 174 are not always in engagement with the feet 172. As illustrated in FIG. 33, the lifter rods 168 and the grippers 162 are moved upwardly by the platforms 174 only when the bottles are inside the sleeving stations 22. Limit stops 176 prevent the gripper guide bars 166 and the lifter rods 168 from following the platforms 174 downward beyond a predetermined point.

Gripper cams 178 and associated linkages 180 operate to open and close the grippers 162 at predetermined times. The gripper cams 178 are mounted to the carousel 32 and are vertically adjustable. Cam followers 182 and associated lower bell cranks 184 are mounted to the guide bars 166 with brackets 186. When the cam followers 182 are driven along the cams 178 by the rising platforms 174, push rods 188 are moved axially by the bell cranks 184 connected to the followers 182.

The axial movement of each of the push rods 188 is translated to horizontal movement by upper bell cranks 190. One arm of each upper bell crank 190 is connected to an associated push rod 188. The other arm of each upper bell crank 190 is connected to a pair of adjustable links 192. Each of the adjustable links 192 is connected at its opposite end to a portion of an associated gripper arm 194. Each of the gripper arms 194 is pivoted about a pivot joint 196 for opening and closing motion. The distance between the gripping pads 164 of each of the gripper arms 194 may be adjusted by rotating turnbuckles 198 on the adjustable links 192. A spring 199 is stretched between posts on each pair of gripper arms 194. Each spring 199 urges the followers 182 against their respective cams 178.

Thus, movement of the cam followers 182 is translated to opening or closing movement of the associated gripper arms 194. The vertical location of the cams 178 determines the time at which the associated grippers 162 are opened and closed. The position of the push rods 188 with respect to the platforms 174 determines the time in the cycle at which the gripper arms 194 begin to move upwardly with an associated elevator 36.

Sleeve Transporter

Referring to FIGS. 6, 22, and 23, the sleeve transporter 24 separates individual sleeves from a web 199 and delivers them to the sleeving stations 22. The sleeve transporter 24 comprises a transporter support shaft 200, and two synchronously rotatable carriages 202 mounted thereon. Each carriage 202 supports a plurality of circularly arranged tool heads 204 which form pairs with corresponding identical tool heads 204 on the other carriage 202. Each tool head 204 is mounted to move axially such that the two opposed tool heads 204 forming the pairs may come together to grip a sleeve 20 or move apart to open a sleeve 20 at the appropriate times.

The carriages 202 are mirror images of each other, therefore, only one will be described. Referring to FIG. 23, each carriage 202 comprises a frame 206, a planetary gear set 208, a tool-actuating cam 210 and linkage 212, and a tool support shaft 214. The carriages 202 are rotatably mounted a predetermined distance apart on the transporter support shaft 200. The carriage frame 206 is rotatably mounted on the transporter support shaft 200 by a hub bearing 216. The frames 206 are synchronously rotated about the shaft 200 by a timing pulley 218. The timing pulley 218 is timed to rotate the transporter 24 in a predetermined relationship to the position of the carousel conveyor 32. The timing pulley 218 is fixed to a drive sleeve 220 which surrounds the non-rotating support shaft 200 and is attached to the carriage frames 206.

Circularly arranged around each carriage frame 206 are a plurality of bushing blocks 222. The bushing blocks 222 are located between the tool support shafts 214 and the frame 206 and are mounted on the frame 206 with roller bearings 224. The bushing blocks 222 permit the tool support shafts 214 to both rotate and slide axially with respect to the frame 206. The planetary gear set 208 rotates the tool support shafts 214 to keep the tool heads 204 oriented in one direction as the transporter 24 rotates.

Referring to FIG. 24, a spur-type sun gear 226 is fixed to the non-rotating transporter support shaft 200. A plurality of intermediate spur gears 228 are rotatably mounted on the frame 206 between the bushing blocks 222 and the sun gear 226. Engaged to each of the intermediate gears 228 is an outer spur gear 230. Each outer gear 230 is keyed to an associated bushing block 222 to rotate therewith.

The sun gear 226 and all the outer gears 230 have the same number of teeth. Thus, as the transporter 24 rotates, the intermediate gears 228 are driven by virtue of their engagement with the stationary sun gear 226. The intermediate gears 228 in turn drive the outer gears 230 which are keyed to the bushing blocks 222. Since the planetary gear ratio is 1:1, one rotation of the transporter 24 causes each tool support shaft 214 to be synchronously driven one rotation in the opposite direction. The planetary gear set 208 permits the tool heads 204 to orbit the transporter support shaft 200 while always maintaining the same orientation in relation to the machine.

Referring to FIGS. 23 and 25, the tool-actuating cam 210 and linkage 212 are provided to move the tool support shafts 214 axially at predetermined times during the rotation of the transporter 24. Each tool-actuating cam 210 is fixed to the transporter support shaft 200. The cam 210 is mounted on the shaft 200 with a commercially available device known as a TRANTORQUE (trademark) coupler manufactured by Manheim Manufacturing and Belting Co. which permits adjustments of the cam's position in relation to the shaft 200 for timing purposes.

As best shown in FIG. 25, a plurality of cam follower arms 232 are pivotally connected to the frame 206. Each arm 232 includes a cam follower roller 234. At the distal end of each arm 232, an adjustable link 236 is provided. Each link 236, seen in FIG. 25 transmits motion of the cam 210 to an associated bell crank 238. Each bell crank 238 is pivoted about a pivot joint 240. The other arm of each bell crank 238 forms a yoke 242 which has two rollers 244 at its distal ends. The rollers 244 each engage a rotatable collar 246 on the associated tool support shaft 214. The yoke 242 does not interfere with the rotation of the tool support shafts 214. This linkage transmits motion of the cam follower 234 into axial movement of the tool support shafts 214.

Referring to FIG. 23, the tool support shafts 214 are axially biased by springs 248 such that each cam follower 234 (FIG. 25) is continuously urged against the tool-actuating cam 210. The lengths of the links 236 are adjustable to vary the positions of the bell cranks 238, and the positions of the tool support shafts 214. Thus, the axial positions of the tool support shafts 214 are determined by the shape of the tool-actuating cam 210.

Each tool head 204 is fixed to the end of its associated tool support shaft 214 as seen in FIG. 23. The tool heads 204 each have a gripping element 250 for gripping and tearing off a sleeve from the web 199 and a pair of vacuum tips 252 for carrying a sleeve to the sleeving station 22 and for opening a sleeve. Each tool head 204 includes a slider bearing 254 for sliding on an associated fixed guide rod 256. The guide rods 256 are fixed to brackets 258 which are fixed to an associated bushing block 222.

Referring to FIGS. 26 and 27, each gripping element 250 is formed of a resilient pad 260 fitted to the face of the tool head 204. The gripping element 250 cooperates with the identical corresponding part on the other carriage to grip and separate a sleeve 20 from the web 199. The gripping occurs as two opposed support shafts 214 are axially extended by the cam 210 and associated linkage 212 to bring the tool heads 204 towards one another. The tearing action which separates a sleeve from the web 199 is due to the rotation of the transporter 24. Powered nip rolls 261 hold the web 199 above the lowermost line of weakness such that a terminal sleeve is free to be separated.

Each pair of vacuum tips 252 serves to pull open a separated sleeve 20 into a box-shape to fit around the pins of one of the sleeving stations. See FIG. 33a. Each set of vacuum tips 252 is connected to an associated bracket 258 which is slidably fitted into a t-slot 264 formed in the associated tool head 204. See FIGS. 23 and 26. The distance between the vacuum tips 252 of each pair may be varied for different sized sleeves by loosening a fastener, sliding the bracket 262 along the t-slot 264, and re-tightening the fastener.

Referring to FIG. 29, each vacuum tip 252 has a plurality of holes 266 formed in its sleeve-engaging face 268. These holes 266 communicate with the vacuum source during predetermined times as discussed above. The holes 266 are arrayed such that a screen is formed to prevent the sleeve wall from entering the vacuum tip 252.

As shown in FIG. 33, each sleeve 20 is separated from the web 199 at the sleeve supply station 18 and transported to the sleeving station 22. As a sleeve is transported between the sleeve supply station 18 and the sleeving station 22, the pair of tool heads 204 holding the sleeve move apart in response to the axial movement of the tool support shafts 214 and the sleeve is rapidly opened to form a box shape. The box-shaped sleeve may easily be placed over a set of pins 108 as seen in FIG. 33a.

Once the sleeve is around the aligned set of pins 108, the pins 108 are expanded to hold the sleeve and the vacuum is shut off from the vacuum tips 252 to release the sleeve. The sieves are sequentially placed around the sets of pins 108 as the sets sequentially pass by the transporter 24 and as the transporter 24 is rotating. The transporter 24 is rotated in predetermined relation to the carousel such that a sleeving stations 22 register with pairs of opposed tool heads 204 as the machine operates.

The sleeve transporter 24 includes a rotary vacuum valve 270 for supplying vacuum from a vacuum source 271 to the vacuum tips 252. The transporter support shaft 200 is hollow and communicates with the vacuum pump. The interior of the tool support shafts 214 are also hollow and communicate with the interior of the transporter support shaft 200 via the rotary valve.

The rotary valve 270 controls the vacuum to shut it off and turn it on at appropriate times during the transporter 24 rotation. The rotary valve 270 communicates selected ones of a plurality of flexible hoses 272 with the interior of the transporter support shaft 200 at predetermined times. The rotary valve 270 includes a rotating section 274 and a stationary section 276. In a well-known manner, alignment between rotating ports 278 communicating with tool support shafts 214 and a stationary port 280 communicating with the vacuum source occurs only during a predetermined portion of the rotary valve's rotation to achieve the desired timing valve effect. It is desirable to have the vacuum communicated with the vacuum tips 252 only when a sleeve is being transported which is about one quarter of a given tool head's orbit.

The moving portion of the rotary valve 270 is preferably driven by a rigid link (not shown) located between the frame 206 and the moving section 274. However, the hoses 272, being connected to the rotating transporter, may operate alone to drive the rotary valve 270.

The flexible hoses 272 serve to communicate the rotary valve 270 with a rotary coupling 282. The rotary coupling 282 is rotatably mounted on the tool support shaft 214 and is sealed against air leakage from the atmosphere. A plurality of holes 283 are formed in the tool support shaft 214 to communicate vacuum from inside the coupling to the interior of the rotating tool support shaft 214.

Sleeve Supply Station

The sleeve supply station 18, as seen in FIGS. 11, and 32, provides a supply of sleeves 20 to the sleeve transporter 24 for eventual placement on bottles 16. This station 18 includes a guide apparatus 284 for imparting folds along the sleeves and a pair of powered nip rollers 261 for pulling the sleeves through the station 18. The sleeves enter the station 18 as the tube or continuous web 199 of sleeves joined by lines of weakness which are preferably lines of perforations. The sleeve web 199 passes around a center guide 292 and between two upper nip roller pairs such that the center guide 292 is entirely inside the walls of the tubular web 199.

The center guide 292 comprises two parallel spaced guide plates 296 fixed to two upper rollers 298. The center guide is supported solely by the upper rollers 298 resting on outer support rollers 300 mounted on frame members 302 of the station 18. The wall of the tubular web 199 passes between each outer support roller 300 and a cooperating upper roller 298. Thus, the center guide 292 hangs within the supply station 18 by the upper rollers 298 and is positioned inside the web 199.

Two opposed angular guide plates 304 extend inwardly from the frame members 302. The angular guide plates 304 fit loosely between the spaced guide plates 296 of the center guide 292. The angular guide plates 304 form a tapered path for the web 199 in the downstream direction. The sleeve web passes between the spaced guide plates 296 and the angular guide plates 304. As the web 199 travels downward through the station 18, the angular guide plates 304 force the web 199 deeper between the spaced guide plates 296. This action forms folds in opposite sides of the web 199.

At the downstream end of the supply station 18 is the pair of driven nip rollers 261. The nip rollers 261 pull the web 199 down through the supply station 18. A motor 306 driving the nip rollers 261 is controlled by an automated registering system. The registering system senses invisible markings on the web 199 with a detector 308 and moves the web 199 according to their position. The motor 306 runs continuously aligning sleeves on the web 199 in the correct position fully below the nip rollers 261 by responding to the registration control system. The automated registering system is similar to that disclosed in the referenced U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,392,056; 4,467,207; 4,680,205; 4,926,048; and 4,945,252 for web registration systems which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The folds in the web 199 permit very high speeds to be achieved by the transporter 24, and thus the sleeving machine 10 as a whole. The result of the folds 305 is that each sleeve 20 is ready to pop open when pulled open by the transporter. The special folds facilitate rapid opening by permitting rapid air entry into the sleeve.

Drive System

Referring to FIG. 22, the machine is powered by a single motor 310 which drives all parts of the sleeving machine 10 except for the nip rollers 261. Two timing belts 312, 316 extend from a pulley 311 on the motor 310. The first timing belt 312 drives a first gear box 314 which drives the transporter pulley 218. The second timing belt 316 drives a second gear box 318 which drives a vertical shaft 320. The vertical shaft 320 drives all machine functions except the sleeve transporter 24 and the web supply station 18. The pinion gear 322 engages infeed starwheel gear 326 which engages gear 324 (attached to carousel 32) which engages outfeed starwheel gear 330 (all kept in time by their engagement). At several locations throughout the drive system, TRANTORQUE couplings are used to mount components to their shafts to permit precision timing adjustments to be made between the component and its shaft.

In the preferred embodiment, a digital encoder is placed on shaft 320 to provide the automated registering system with a digital signal representing the rotational position of the machine. Preferably, one revolution of the shaft 320 corresponds to one labeling cycle of the machine.

Method of Sleeving

Referring to FIG. 33, the sleeving method comprises a repeating 360° cycle. FIG. 33 follows one sleeving station 22 around one sleeving cycle, however, in the preferred and illustrated embodiment, multiple sleeving stations 22 operate to simultaneously perform the steps shown in FIGS. 33, each sleeving station 22 leading or trailing the progress of adjacent stations.

Following one sleeving station 22, at the point designated as 0° in FIG. 33a, the pins 108 are contracted as a result of the actuator ring follower arm 114 being urged inwardly by the outer cam 120. Here, a sleeve 20 is placed around the pins 108 by the vacuum tips 252 of the sleeve transporter 24. The pins 108 are then expanded to stretch and frictionally hold the sleeve 20 on its inside surface. The tension of the spring 124 urging the ring follower arm 114 outward may be insufficient to fully stretch the sleeve. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 33a and 33b, the inner cam 122 positively urges the follower arm 114 outward to stretch the sleeve. The pins stretch the lower portion of the sleeve while the upper portion remains unstretched until the bottle is inserted as seen in FIG. 33A.

Each bottle 16 is lifted upward through the center of one of the sleeving stations 22 and into a sleeve 20 by an elevator 36. Each plenum ring 116 is pressurized as a bottle approaches the stretched sleeve to provide a lubricating gas film between the bottle 16 and the sleeve. The frictional force between the stretched sleeve and the pins 108 is greater than that between the bottle and the sleeve at this stage. Thus, the sleeve remains securely in position on the pins 108 as the bottle moves into the sleeve. The air pressure to the pins 108 is turned off once the sleeve trailing edge passes over the wide portion of the bottle. In the absence of the gas film, the frictional force between the sleeve and the bottle increases.

In the preferred and illustrated method, grippers 162 hold each sleeve against each bottle and move with each bottle and sleeve for a portion of the cycle to ensure maintenance of accurate placement of the sleeves on the bottles. As seen in FIG. 33c, the grippers 162 release each bottle as the associated cam follower follows the ramp of the associated gripper cam during the downward elevator movement.

The sleeved bottles pass downwardly through the sleeving stations as the elevators are lowered. The carousel 32 then carries the sleeved bottles to the output star-wheel conveyor 106. The sleeving process is a smooth, continuous process without intermittent motion. The smooth, continuous nature of the sleeving process enables very high speeds to be achieved. In an experimental machine made in accordance with the drawings, sleeving rates of 400-500 bottles per minute have been achieved.

Although the invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been made only by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed. 

We claim:
 1. A method of placing an inherently resilient film sleeve on an object comprising:disposing the film sleeve around a set of circularly arranged pins which are arranged about a center axis and are movable toward and away from the axis; stretching the film sleeve by moving the pins away from the axis; relatively moving the object and the sleeve to position the sleeve around the object while simultaneously introducing air between the sleeve and the object to develop a fluid film therebetween and stretch the sleeve; thereafter stopping the air flow to shrink the sleeve due to its inherent resiliency onto the object and dispel air from between the sleeve and object; and, separating the object and sleeve from the pins after the air flow substantially stops.
 2. A method according to claim 1 further comprising separating the sleeve from the set of pins by moving the object away from the set of pins while simultaneously gripping the film sleeve against the object.
 3. A method according claim 2, further comprising the step of performing the gripping step with gripper members and moving said gripper members in concert with said object and said sleeve while performing said separating step.
 4. A method according to claim 1, further comprising elevating said object to within said circular arrangement of pins during said relatively moving step, and lowering said object after said separating step.
 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein said method steps are performed while moving said object and said set of pins along a path of travel.
 6. A method of applying inherently resilient tubular sleeves to objects comprising:a) sequentially delivering objects and sleeves, each one at a time to a sleeving station; b) sequentially expanding and stretching each sleeve to a cross-sectional configuration generally corresponding to the cross-sectional configuration of an object to be sleeved; c) relatively moving an expanded sleeve and a delivered object to position the expanded sleeve around the delivered object; d) introducing fluid to provide a lubricating fluid film between the expanded sleeve and the delivered object concurrently with the relative motion step thereby facilitating the positioning of the expanded sleeve on the delivered object; and, e) thereafter stopping the fluid flow to allow the inherent resiliency of the sleeve to shrink the sleeve into circumferential engagement with the object.
 7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the shrinking step removes said lubricating fluid film to provide friction between said sleeve and said object once said sleeve is positioned at a predetermined location on said object.
 8. A method according to claim 6 wherein the relatively moving step includes moving the delivered object through the sleeving station first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
 9. A method according to claim 6 including the step of holding said sleeve against said object to ensure its position on the object.
 10. An apparatus for placing film sleeves on objects comprising:a) a mechanism for transporting objects through a sleeving process, said mechanism including:i) a plurality of sleeve holders arranged about a mechanism axis; ii) a plurality of pedestals for supporting individual objects, each of said pedestals having a longitudinal axis aligned with one of said sleeve holders, said sleeve holders and said pedestals being adapted to traverse a path of travel; b) a sleeve transporter for transporting sleeves to said sleeve holders; c) elevator means operatively connected to each of said pedestals and associated ones of said sleeve holders for relatively moving said pedestals and associated holders relative to one another to apply sleeves to said objects as said sleeve holders and said pedestals traverse said path; d) said elevator means causing a plurality of sleeves to be applied concurrently with, at any given time, each of the sleeves being applied being in a different phase of the sleeve application process than the other sleeves being applied; and, e) vacuum means operatively connected to each of the pedestals for establishing pressure differentials between the pedestals and objects respectively positioned thereon.
 11. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said apparatus includes gripper means adjacent each said sleeve holder for gripping a sleeved object for a portion of said path traversal.
 12. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein each of said sleeve holders comprises a plurality of parallel circumferentially arranged pins which are arranged about and parallel to one of said pedestal axes, wherein said pins are movable toward and away from said pedestal axis at predetermined times during said path traversal.
 13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said apparatus includes air duct means for flowing air between a sleeve and an object being sleeved.
 14. An apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said air duct means includes air passages in said pins.
 15. A sleeve holder for a machine for applying labels in the form of sleeves to vessels, said sleeve holder comprising:a) a plurality of tubular pins arranged about and parallel to a center axis, said pins being operable to hold a sleeve for placement on a vessel; b) a plurality of pivot arms for pivoting in paths transverse to said center axis, each pivot arm being connected to one of said pins for moving it toward and away from said center axis; c) a rotatably mounted actuator ring, said ring having a plurality of slots formed therein, each slot being engagable with a projection on an associated one of said pivot arms to cause said pivot arms to pivot when said ring rotates, said ring having a follower arm connected thereto; d) a cam means cooperatable with the follower arm, said cam means being configured to cause said follower arm to rotate said ring in a predetermined cycle as said cam means and said follower arm move relative to one another; and, e) air supply means coupled to said arms for supplying air under pressure to the pins to create a film of air between a vessel and a sleeve as it is being applied to it.
 16. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said ring is biased in one direction.
 17. An apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said pins are operable to stretch a portion of such sleeve to a transverse cross sectional configuration generally complemental to and a least near the pins greater than that of such vessel.
 18. An apparatus for sleeving objects with tubular sleeves comprising:a) an object supporting structure for supporting an object at a sleeving station in a position to receive a sleeve; b) a sleeve stretcher means at the sleeving station for distending and stretching a sleeve to be applied to such object to a cross-sectional configuration generally that of an object positioned to receive the sleeve; c) a relative motion producing mechanism connected to the structure and to the stretcher for relatively moving the two and thereby place such distended sleeve around such supported object; and, d) a duct system for delivering a flow of fluid to a location between such sleeve and object as the mechanism causes such relative motion between the structure and the stretcher as such sleeve is placed around the object; and, e) the duct system including means for terminating the flow of fluid to allow a placed sleeve to shrink due to its inherent resiliency onto the object as the stretcher is disengaged from such placed sleeve.
 19. An apparatus for putting a film sleeve on an object comprising:a sleeve holder having a plurality of pins arranged about a center axis, said pins being pivotally mounted to move towards and away from said center axis; a duct system means for providing a lubricating fluid film between such film sleeve and such object as a sleeve is placed around the object; a sleeve transporter for placing said film sleeve about said pins; elevator means for relatively moving said sleeve holder and such object to locate such object within said plurality of pins and within such sleeve, said elevator means being operable to separate such object and sleeve from said pins.
 20. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said duct system means includes a valve for selectively shutting off said fluid provision at predetermined times to enable shrinkage of a positioned sleeve and relative movement of the pins and the positioned sleeve to remove the pins from between such sleeve and object.
 21. An apparatus according to claim 19 including a gripper for holding such sleeve against such object as said pins are separated from such object and such sleeve.
 22. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said pins are substantially parallel to said center axis at all times.
 23. An apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said duct system means includes passages in said pins.
 24. A machine for applying sleeves to objects comprising:a) a rotary carousel supporting a plurality of circumferentially spaced sleeving stations; b) an object conveyor for sequentially delivering objects to be sleeved to a pick-up location defined by the carousel and for receiving sleeved objects from a carousel discharge station; c) a variable pitch screw disposed longitudinally of and adjacent to the conveyor upstream from the pick-up location, the screw being adapted to space objects along the conveyor to deliver objects sequentially to the pick-up location in registration with the sleeving stations as rotation of the carousel sequentially positions the sleeving stations at the pick-up location; d) each of the sleeving stations including an object support pedestal and a sleeve stretching and delivery mechanism; e) the sleeving stations also each including a position shifting means operatively connected to its station's pedestal and mechanism for relatively shifting its pedestal and the mechanism toward one another for positioning a sleeve around a pedestal-supported object and for moving its mechanism and platform away from one another to ready the two for a subsequent sleeve positioning; f) a sleeve supply structure positioned above the carousel including delivery means for delivering of sleeves sequentially to the sleeving station in synchronism with the rotation of the carousel; and, g) said sleeving stations each including gas film means to develop a lubricating film of gas between a sleeve and an object being sleeved as the pedestal and the mechanism are shifted toward one another in axial alignment to place a stretched sleeve around such object.
 25. The machine of claim 24 wherein each sleeve stretching and delivery mechanism comprises:a) a plurality of pins arranged about a center axis, said pins being operable to hold a sleeve for placement on an object; b) a plurality of pivot arms for pivoting in paths transverse to said center axis, each pivot arm being connected to one of said pins for moving it toward and away from said center axis; c) a rotatably mounted actuator ring, said ring having a plurality of slots formed therein, each slot being engagable with a projection on an associated one of said pivot arms to cause said pivot arms to pivot when said ring rotates, said ring having a follower arm connected thereto; and, d) cam means operatively connected to the follower means and configured to cause said follower to rotate said ring in a predetermined cycle as said cam means and said follower move relative to one another.
 26. The machine of claim 25 wherein said pins are tubular and form a part of said gas film means.
 27. A machine according to claim 24, wherein the position shifting means includes a plurality of cam followers and wherein each of said pedestals is connected to an associated one of the cam followers and wherein each of said cam followers engages a cam independent of said carousel, and wherein said cam is configured to move each of said pedestals longitudinally in accordance with a predetermined cycle.
 28. A machine for applying tubular labels to bottles each having neck and body portions comprising:a) a rotary carousel supporting a plurality of circumferentially spaced labeling stations; b) a bottle conveyor for sequentially delivering bottles to be labeled to a pick-up location defined by the carousel and for receiving labeled bottles from a carousel discharge station; c) a variable pitch screw disposed longitudinally of and adjacent to the conveyor upstream from the pick-up location, the screw being adapted to space bottles along the conveyor to deliver bottles sequentially to the pick-up location in registration with the labeling stations as rotation of the carousel sequentially positions the labeling stations at the pick-up location; d) each of the labeling stations including a bottle support pedestal and a label stretching and delivery mechanism; e) the labeling stations also each including a position shifting means operatively connected to its station's pedestal and mechanism for relatively shifting its pedestal and the mechanism toward one another for positioning a label around the body of a pedestal-supported bottle and for moving its mechanism and platform away from one another to ready the two for a subsequent label positioning; f) a label supply structure positioned above the carousel including delivery means for delivering of labels sequentially to the labeling station in synchronism with the rotation of the carousel; g) each mechanism including:i) a set of pins arranged about an axis, the pins being operable to hold a label received from the supply for placement of the received label on a bottle; ii) a plurality of pivot arms for pivoting in paths transverse to said axis, each pivot arm being connected to one of said pins for moving it toward and away from said axis; and, iii) a rotatably mounted actuator ring, said ring having a plurality of slots formed therein, each slot being engagable with a projection on an associated one of said pivot arms to cause said pivot arms to pivot when said ring rotates, said ring having a follower arm connected thereto; h) a cam means operably connected to the follower arm, said cam means being configured to cause each of said follower arms to rotate its associated ring in a predetermine cycle alternately stretching and releasing labels as said cam means and said followers move relative to one another; i) the position shifting means including an endless cam positioned below the carousel and followers, each follower connected to a different one of the pedestals for raising and lowering the pedestals in synchronism with the label stretching and release by said mechanism; and, j) a fluid film lubrication means to establish a film of air between a label and an associated bottle as such label is positioned around such bottle.
 29. A machine for applying labels to bottles comprising:a) a rotary carousel supporting a plurality of circumferentially spaced labeling stations; b) a bottle conveyor for sequentially delivering bottles to be labeled to a pick-up location defined by the carousel and for receiving labeled bottles from a carousel discharge station; c) a variable pitch screw disposed longitudinally of and adjacent to the conveyor upstream from the pick-up location, the screw being adapted to space bottles along the conveyor to deliver bottles sequentially to the pick-up location in registration with the labeling stations as rotation of the carousel sequentially positions the labeling stations at the pick-up location; d) each of the labeling stations including a bottle support pedestal and a label stretching and delivery mechanism; e) each labeling station also including a position shifting means operatively connected to its station's pedestal for shifting its pedestal toward the mechanism for inserting a pedestal-supported bottle into a waiting, stretched label and for moving its platform away from the mechanism to ready the two for a subsequent label positioning; f) a label supply structure positioned above the carousel including delivery means for delivering of labels sequentially to the labeling stations in synchronism with the rotation of the carousel, the delivery means including circularly arranged pairs of opposed cooperating tools, each pair operable to move towards one another to grip and separate a label and to move apart to open a label; g) each mechanism including:i) a set of pins arranged about an axis, the pins being operable to hold a label received from the delivery means for placement of the received label on a bottle; ii) a plurality of pivot arms for pivoting in paths transverse to said axis, each pivot arm being connected to one of said pins for moving it toward and away from said axis; and, iii) a rotatably mounted actuator ring, said ring having a plurality of slots formed therein, each slot being engagable with a projection on an associated one of said pivot arms to cause said pivot arms to pivot when said ring rotates, said ring having a follower arm connected thereto; h) a circular cam means disposed to engaged with the follower arms, said cam means being configured to cause each of said follower arms to rotate its associated ring in a predetermined cycle alternately stretching and releasing labels as said followers move relative to the circular cam means; i) the position shifting means including an endless cam positioned below the labeling stations, each pedestal having a follower wheel engaging the endless cam for raising and lowering its associated pedestal in timed relation with the movement of an associated follower arm; and, j) a fluid film lubrication means is provided to establish a film of air between a label and an associated bottle as such label is positioned around such bottle.
 30. A process for performing a portion of a bottling operation comprising:a) transporting bottles on a conveyor to supply the bottles to movable work stations sequentially and one at a time; b) coordinating the transporting with movement of the work stations to effect the transfer of successive bottles to successive work stations as each station is registered at a pick-up location; c) supporting each bottle on its work station, at least in part, by establishing a pressure differential therebetween: d) moving the work stations and supported bottles along a path of travel to a discharge station; e) concurrently performing tubular sleeve label work operations on each bottle of a set of bottles as the bottles of the set are each moving along the path by relatively reciprocating each bottle and an associated mechanism such that the mechanism longitudinally traverses the body of the bottles as the work operation is performed; and, f) removing the bottles from the discharge station after the work operation has been performed.
 31. The process of claim 30 wherein the work stations are supported by a carousel and the path of travel is an orbital path.
 32. The process of claim 30 including the step of developing a lubricating fluid film between each label and its bottle as the work operation is performed.
 33. The method of claim 6 wherein the fluid is a gas.
 34. The method of claim 6 wherein the fluid is air.
 35. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the mechanism is a carousel and the path is orbital.
 36. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein said fluid supplied by the duct system is a gas.
 37. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein the gas is air.
 38. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein said fluid supplied by the duct system means is a gas.
 39. The apparatus of claim 38 wherein the gas is air.
 40. The process of claim 30 wherein the work operation is a sleeve label application and a gas film is established between each bottle and its sleeve label as the sleeve label is applied to its bottle.
 41. The method of claim 1 wherein the film sleeve is a label and the object is a bottle and the label is positioned about the body of the bottle.
 42. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the objects are bottles and the mechanism includes means to relatively move a bottle and sleeve in the form of a label to pass such label over the neck of such bottle and relatively downwardly to place such label around the body of such bottle.
 43. The machine of claim 24 wherein the position shifting means is for relatively shifting the pedestal and mechanism such that a sleeve in the form of a label carried by the mechanism will pass over the neck of an object in the form of a bottle as its associated pedestal and position such label on the body of such bottle.
 44. The machine of claim 28 wherein the lubrication means includes fluid duct means for flowing fluid between a label and a bottle being labeled to establish a lubricating film therebetween as the bottle is labeled.
 45. The machine of claim 44 wherein the flowing fluid is a gas.
 46. The machine of claim 45 wherein the flowing fluid is air.
 47. The machine of claim 29 wherein the lubrication means includes fluid duct means for flowing fluid between a label and a bottle being labeled to establish a lubricating film therebetween as the bottle is sleeve.
 48. The machine of claim 47 wherein the flowing fluid is a gas.
 49. The machine of claim 48 wherein the flowing fluid is air.
 50. The method of claim 6 wherein the objects are bottles each having a neck and a body and wherein the sleeves are labels which are positioned around the bodies.
 51. A method of applying tubular, plastic, elastic labels to bottles comprising:a) sequentially delivering bottles and labels, each one at a time to a labeling station; b) sequentially expanding and stretching each label to a cross-sectional configuration generally corresponding to the cross-sectional configuration of the body of a bottle to be labeled; c) relatively moving an expanded label and a delivered bottle to position the expanded label around the body of the delivered bottle; d) providing a lubricating fluid film between the expanded label and the body of the delivered bottle concurrently with the relative motion step thereby facilitating the positioning of the expanded label on the delivered bottle; and, e) terminating the provision of the film and expelling at least some of the fluid from the film by allowing the inherent resiliency of the label to shrink the label into circumferential engagement with the bottle.
 52. A method according to claim 51 wherein the expelling step establishes friction between said label and said bottle.
 53. A method according to claim 51 wherein the relatively moving step includes moving the delivered bottle through the labeling station first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
 54. A method according to claim 51 including the step of holding said label against said bottle concurrently with the expelling step to ensure its position on the bottle.
 55. The method of claim 51 wherein the fluid is gas.
 56. The method of claim 55 wherein the gas is air.
 57. A method of applying tubular labels to the bodies of bottles at high throughput comprising,:a) sequentially delivering the bottles in upright orientations to a delivery station and thence to one of a set of labeling stations; b) sequentially delivering tubular labels to each of the labeling stations; c) sequentially moving each labeling station and its delivered bottle and an associated one of a set of label-applicating mechanisms along a path of travel from the delivery station to a discharge station while maintaining the objects in their upright orientations; d) concurrently with the moving of the bottles from the delivery to the discharge stations, applying the associated labels to the bottles by sliding each label over its associated bottle whereby at any given time there are a plurality of bottles successively moving along the path while the labeling operations concurrently progress on each of said plurality from initiation of each operation at a location near the delivery station to completion of each operation at a location near the discharge station; e) establishing a fluid film between each label and its bottle as the label is slid over the bottle thereby facilitating the label application; and, f) thereafter dispelling the fluid of each such film from between each label and its bottle by allowing the inherent resiliency of each label to shrink it into engagement with its bottle.
 58. The method of claim 57 wherein the fluid is gas.
 59. The method of claim 58 wherein the gas is air.
 60. An apparatus for applying tubular, elastic, plastic labels to bottles comprising;a) a bottle support; b) a bottle delivery mechanism operably connected to the support for sequentially delivering bottles to the support one at a time; c) a label applying means for opening and stretching a label to a cross sectional configuration substantially that of a bottle to be labeled; d) a motion producing mechanism operably connected to the support and the applying means and including a relative motion producing means for causing relative motion of the support and the applying means whereby to position a stretched label around a delivered bottle; and, e) fluid film producing means for establishing a fluid film between such stretched sleeve and such delivered bottle as the motion producing means causes such relative motion and terminating film establishment upon positioning such sleeve and such bottle in a desired relative position to allow the inherent resiliency of such label to bring it into perimetral engagement with such bottle.
 61. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein the film producing means produces a gas film.
 62. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein the film producing means produces an air film.
 63. The method of claim 1 wherein friction established between the sleeve and its object by the shrinking of the sleeve onto its object facilitates removal of the pins from within the sleeve.
 64. The method of claim 57 wherein the applying step as to each such label includes inserting a plurality of tubular fingers having openings at their distal ends into one label end opening of each label while maintaining the finger openings spaced from another label end opening and the film establishing step includes flowing a fluid through at least some of the fingers and out their distal end openings and thence allowing fluid to escape from said another label opening.
 65. The apparatus of claim 60 wherein the fluid is gas.
 66. The apparatus of claim 65 wherein the gas is air. 